¿Quién está luchando? Cómo se pilotan los robots humanoides: captura de movimiento, RV, control remoto y autonomía

En un combate de robots humanoides, la primera pregunta es quién lanza realmente el puñetazo. La respuesta varía de una liga a otra y determina todo lo que ve un aficionado: la velocidad de los intercambios, cómo se levantan los robots tras una caída y qué significa una victoria para el equipo detrás de la máquina. Hoy se utilizan cuatro enfoques.

Captura de movimiento: el atleta es el controlador

En la noche de combates deARC's fight night at *SCAPE in Singapore on 7 October 2026, the pilots were martial artists from Muay Thai, MMA, boxing and kung fu, wearing full-body motion-capture suits. Software from the company Katena turned their body movements into robot movements in real time, according to Humanoids Daily, so the robots chose none of their moves themselves. A split screen put each pilot beside the robot they were driving, while a second screen showed how many health points each robot had left. Each team fielded a 35 kg Unitree G1 and a 75 kg EngineAI T800.

UFBsigue la misma idea de espejo. En un evento paralelo celebrado junto al CES en enero de 2026 en la BattleBots Arena de Las Vegas, bajo la marca Ultimate Fighting Bots, cada robot fue teleoperado por un humano cuyos movimientos copiaba en tiempo real, según informó Humanoid Guide. El sitio lo consideró un espectáculo para el público, no una prueba científica.

Cabinas de RV y controles remotos

REK in San Francisco pilots its robots from virtual reality. eWeek described the planned set-up in August 2025: pilots would wear VR headsets giving a cockpit view of the robot and use dedicated controllers, so that their punches and sword swings would be reproduced by the machine. In February 2026 Humanoids Daily still described REK's approach as VR control with a human in the loop. REK's chief technology officer previously worked on latency at Oculus. In October 2026 the San Francisco Standard described REK's bladed robots as remotely piloted by humans, and reported founder Cix Liv saying that autonomous fighting is still some way off.

La primera competición deCMGcelebrada en Hangzhou el 25 de mayo de 2025, utilizó robots Unitree G1 de 1,32 m de altura y 35 kg, controlados en tiempo real por cuatro equipos de operadores humanos, según informó Global Times. eWeek, en un artículo de julio de 2026, añadió que los operadores los dirigían remotamente con dispositivos de control y comandos de voz, en combates de tres asaltos de dos minutos donde un robot que no lograba levantarse en ocho segundos perdía el asalto.

Comandos más control a bordo

URKLadopta una ruta híbrida. Cada equipo recibe el mismoEngineAI T800, so results depend mainly on software and strategy. A human operator sends high-level intent by handheld remote, such as where to move, when to advance or when to trigger a technique, while the robot's own systems handle balance and the execution of each move. The league's qualifiers included a recovery test: a robot starting on the floor had to stand up unaided and take a boxing stance, with the best score for doing it within 3 seconds and zero after 20 seconds.

The rules presented at URKL's launch in February 2026, as reported by Humanoids Daily, give a fallen robot 10 seconds to get up on its own. A team can then use one of two manual resets per match, and going past that limit means a technical knockout. According to Wikipedia's entry on the league, teams must also have their algorithms approved before each fight.

Why it matters

The control method tells you what a result measures. When a pilot in a suit or a VR cockpit drives the robot, the fight tests the human as much as the machine and the speed of the link between them. When the robot balances and recovers on its own, as URKL requires, a win also rewards the team's control software. No league in the sources we opened runs fully autonomous fights yet.

🌐 Traducción automática del artículo original.